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X-INEFFICIENCY: Cost that is higher than it needs to be because a firm is operating inefficiently. This is most often seen for firms that have a great deal of market control, especially monopoly. The lack of competition allows a business to pad it's expenses, hire unneeded employees (like relatives), goof off instead of working, and all sorts of other things that lessen production and increase cost. The business is not penalized for these actions, because market control allows the company to extract whatever price is needed to cover cost.
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Lesson 17: Money | Unit 4: Money's History
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Page: 17 of 25
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A long time ago, our ancestors realized that life could be better with a little trading.- Our ancestors first satisfied their own wants and needs.
- Then, self-sufficiency gave way to barter.
Two reasons for barter: - First: Barter lets resources specialize in production.
- Second: With barter trades, people can access a wider variety of goods than they could produce on their own.
- Barter is a more effective way of satisfying our wants and needs.
However barter is not perfect: - We need double coincidence of wants.
- It takes resources for trades.
Therefore: - Our ancestors progressed to the next stage: commodity money.
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ARC ELASTICITY The average elasticity for discrete changes in two variables. The distinguishing characteristic of arc elasticity is that percentage changes are calculated based on the average of initial and ending values of each variable, rather than initial values. Arc elasticity is generally calculated using the midpoint elasticity formula. The contrast to arc elasticity is point elasticity. For infinitesimally small changes in two variables, arc elasticity is the same as point elasticity.
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WHITE GULLIBON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time watching the shopping channel seeking to buy either a turbo-powered vacuum cleaner or a battery-powered, rechargeable vacuum cleaner. Be on the lookout for high interest rates.
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The earliest known use of paper currency was about 1270 in China during the rule of Kubla Khan.
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"Sometimes when you innovate, you make mistakes. It is best to admit them quickly and get on with improving your other innovations. " -- Steve Jobs, Apple Computer founder
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OMB
Office of Management and Budget
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