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ARBITRAGE: Buying something in one market then immediately (or as soon as possible) selling it in another market for (hopefully) a higher price. Arbitrage is a common practice in financial markets. For example, an aspiring financial tycoon might buy a million dollars worth of Japanese yen in the Tokyo foreign exchange market then resell it immediately in the New York foreign exchange market for more than a million dollars. Arbitrage of this sort does two things. First, it often makes arbitragers wealthy. Second, it reduces or eliminates price differences that exist between two markets for the same good.
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Lesson 20: Federal Reserve System | Unit 1: The Fed
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Page: 2 of 20
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The Federal Reserve System helps banks through a combination of regulation and emergency reserves. First: It is central bank, a government established and/or sanctioned bank with assorted financial tasks, that regulates the banking system and controls the money supply. It is a decentralized central system with several banks spread around the country. Second: It was established in 1913, in response to the Bank Panic of 1907, to prevent failed banks from shrinking the money supply and causing business cycle contractions. Third: While it's original purpose was to provide banks with reserves, it more recently uses the money supply to conduct monetary policy and stabilize the business cycle.
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IMPLICIT COLLUSION Seemingly independent, but parallel, actions among competing firms (mostly oligopolistic firms) in an industry designed to control the market, raise the price, and otherwise act like a monopoly. Also termed tacit collusion, the distinguishing feature of implicit collusion is the lack of any explicit agreement. This is one of two types of collusion. The other is explicit or overt collusion, which involves an explicit agreement.
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A thousand years before metal coins were developed, clay tablet "checks" were used as money by the Babylonians.
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"The greatest things ever done on Earth have been done little by little. " -- William Jennings Bryan
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BPEA Brookings Papers on Economic Activity
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