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KEYNESIAN EQUILIBRIUM: The state of the macroeconomy in which aggregate expenditures are equal to aggregate output. This is illustrated using the income-expenditure model, or Keynesian cross, as the intersection of the aggregate expenditures line and the 45-degree line. The aggregate expenditures line is the summation of consumption expenditures, investment expenditures, government purchases, and net exports. The 45-degree line represents all combinations in which aggregate expenditures equal aggregate output. Keynesian equilibrium is also represented by the saving-investment, or injection-leakage, model as the intersection between the injection line (investment expenditures, government purchases, and exports) and the leakage line (saving, taxes, and imports).
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Lesson 7: Market | Unit 5: The Method
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Page: 20 of 22
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Topic:
Too Much Production
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This market has a 50-cent price and a 400-tape quantity in equilibrium.- Note the demand price and the supply price if the quantity is 500 tapes.
- The demand price is 40 cents. This is the value of the good produced.
- The supply price is 60 cents. This is the value of goods not produced.
- Producing this quantity is the same as giving up 60 cents and getting 40 cents in return.
- 500 tapes is not an efficient use of resources
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ECONOMIES OF SCALE Declining long-run average cost that occurs as a firm increases all inputs and expands its scale of production. Economies of scale result from increasing returns to scale and are graphically illustrated by a negatively-sloped long-run average cost curve. Economies of scale usually occur for relatively small levels of production and are then overwhelmed by diseconomies of scale for relatively large production levels. Together, economies of scale and diseconomies of scale create a U-shaped long-run average cost curve.
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BLACK DISMALAPOD
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at an auction hoping to buy either throw pillows for your living room sofa or a hepa filter for your furnace. Be on the lookout for pencil sharpeners with an attitude.
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Three-forths of the gold mined each year is used to manufacture jewelry.
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"The road to success is always under construction. " -- Lily Tomlin, Actress
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D
Demand
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