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TAX: Any sort of forced or coerced payment to government. The primary reason government collects taxes is to get the revenue needed to finance public goods and pay administrative expenses. However, the more astute leaders of the first estate have recognized over the years that taxes have other effects, including--(1) redirecting resources from one good to another and (2) altering the total amount of production in the economy. As such, taxes have been used to correct market failures, equalize the income distribution, achieve efficiency, stabilize business cycles, and promote economic growth.
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Lesson 16: Perfect Competition | Unit 2: Short-Run Output
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Page: 9 of 28
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Topic:
Comparing Totals
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- This table presents the necessary total revenue and total cost values.
- Quantity (Q): The first column, once again, presents the quantity of output produced.
- Total Revenue (TR): The second column presents total revenue.
- Total Cost (TC): The third column presents the total cost incurred by the firm in the production of this output.
- Profit is calculated as the difference between total revenue and total cost.
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TAX EQUITY The notion that taxes are imposed on society in a fair and equitable way. The two standards of fairness and equity used to evaluate taxes are the benefit principle -- those who benefit from government pay the taxes, and the ability-to-pay principle -- those with the most income pay the taxes. The ability-to-pay principle gives rise to two additional notions of fairness -- horizontal equity (those with equal incomes pay equal taxes) and vertical equity (those with different incomes pay different taxes).
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BEIGE MUNDORTLE
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time going from convenience store to convenience store hoping to buy either blue cotton balls or a genuine down-filled pillow. Be on the lookout for celebrities who speak directly to you through your television.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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The average bank teller loses about $250 every year.
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"Sometimes when you innovate, you make mistakes. It is best to admit them quickly and get on with improving your other innovations. " -- Steve Jobs, Apple Computer founder
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EEH
Explorations in Economic History
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