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PRICE CONTROLS: Government intervention in markets in which legal restrictions are placed on the prices charged. The two basic types of price controls are price ceilings and price floors. Price ceilings are maximum prices set below the equilibrium price. Price floors are minimum prices set above the equilibrium price. Price controls imposed on an otherwise efficient and competitive market create imbalances (shortages or surpluses) which cause inefficiency. However, imposing price controls on a market that fails to achieve efficiency (due to market control, externalities, or imperfect information) can actual improve efficiency. Price controls have also be used economy-wide in an attempt to reduce inflation.
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Lesson 9: Consumer Demand | Unit 1: Demand Theory
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- The decision-making process is the cornerstone of market demand.
- The whole notion of examining decision-making to better understand market demand falls under the heading of consumer demand theory.
- Consumer demand theory is the study of human behavior as it applies to the purchase of goods and services with particular emphasis on the satisfaction (or utility) derived from consumption.
- Consumer demand theory also provides insight into other topics:
- Family Size
- Politics
- Crime
- Attending Class
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TARIFFS Taxes imposed by the government of one nation on imports from other nations. The primary goal of tariffs is to reduce imports and increase domestic production. As taxes, tariffs raise the demand price and lower the supply price, and thus reduce the quantity exchanged. Tariffs are one of three common foreign trade policies designed to discourage imports and/or encourage exports. The other two are import quotas and export subsidies.
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PINK FADFLY [What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time touring the new suburban shopping complex seeking to buy either an ink cartridge for your printer or a rechargeable battery for your camera. Be on the lookout for florescent light bulbs that hum folk songs from the sixties. Your Complete Scope
This isn't me! What am I?
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Helping spur the U.S. industrial revolution, Thomas Edison patented nearly 1300 inventions, 300 of which came out of his Menlo Park "invention factory" during a four-year period.
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"The past is a foreign country; they do things differently there." -- Leslie Poles Hartley, Writer
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JGB Japanese Government Bond
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