CONGRESS OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS: Originally a collection of industrial unions established due to a rift among AFL members in 1938, this is now one half of the umbrella organization for labor unions in the United States (the CIO part of AFL-CIO). Industrial unions included in the CIO, were originally part of the AFL. However, because the AFL primarily represented skilled workers in craft unions, a rift among AFL members developed in 1938, resulting in the creation of the CIO. This rift was closed in 1955, when both joined together to form the AFL-CIO, which is the primary advocate for workers and labor unions in the United States.

     See also | labor union | American Federation of Labor | AFL-CIO | industrial union |

CONGRESS OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONS, AmosWEB GLOSS*arama, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2018. [Accessed: September 22, 2018].

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A problem underlying the provision of public goods that occurs when a person consumes or benefits from a good without making payment. The free-rider problem is the primary reason that public goods are produced by governments. Because public goods are characterized by the inability to exclude nonpayers, once a public good is produced anyone, everyone, can consume without making payment, that is, get a "free ride." Voluntary payments like those occurring in markets will not provide enough revenue to pay production costs. The only way to finance public goods is to force free-riders, and everyone else, to pay through government taxes. The free-rider problem also applies to common-property goods.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time driving to a factory outlet seeking to buy either a large green chalkboard shaped like the state of Maine or a replacement battery for your pocket calculator. Be on the lookout for gnomes hiding in cypress trees.
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