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HORIZONTAL ADDITION: In graphical analysis, the technique of combining two curves by adding the value of the variable on the horizontal or X axis for a given value of the variable on the vertical or Y axis. This is commonly done when deriving a market demand curve from a set of individual demand curves. The quantity demanded by every individual is added at a given price to identify the total market demand at that price.

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PERFECT COMPETITION, SHORT-RUN PRODUCTION ANALYSIS: A perfectly competitive firm produces the profit-maximizing quantity of output that equates marginal revenue and marginal cost. This production level can be identified using total revenue and cost, marginal revenue and cost, or profit. Because a perfectly competitive firm faces a perfectly elastic demand curve, it efficiently allocates resources by equating price and marginal cost. In addition, the marginal cost curve above the average variable cost curve is the perfectly competitive firm's short-run supply curve.

     See also | perfect competition, total analysis | perfect competition, marginal analysis | perfect competition, efficiency | perfect competition, short-run supply curve | perfect competition, breakeven output | perfect competition, profit analysis | short-run production alternatives | perfect competition, profit maximization | perfect competition, loss minimization |


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MARGINAL PROPENSITY FOR GOVERNMENT PURCHASES

The change in government purchases induced by a change in income or production (national income or gross domestic product). The marginal propensity for government purchases (abbreviated MPG) is another term for the slope of the government purchases line and is calculated as the change in government purchases divided by the change in income or production. The MPG plays a role in Keynesian economics. It augments the slope of the aggregate expenditures line and is part of the multiplier process. A related marginal measure is the marginal propensity to consume.

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