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HOTELLING'S PARADOX: A principle stating that monopolistically competitive firms seek to maintain similarities between products at the same time they maintain differences. Similarities enable substitutability. That is, one firm can attract the buyers away from other firms. Differences enable uniqueness and market control. That is, a firm has a small monopoly for its product that allows it to charge a higher price than achieved with perfect competition. This is also termed the principle of minimum differences.
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PRODUCTION TIME PERIODS Alternative time periods used to differentiate between variable inputs and fixed inputs that are key to the analysis of short-run production and long-run production by a firm. The two primary time periods are short run and long run. Two secondary periods are very short run (market period) and very long run. Time periods are specified based on the number of inputs that are fixed or variable.
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A half gallon milk jug holds about $50 in pennies.
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"When one door closes another door opens; but we do often look so long and so regretfully upon the closed door, that we do not see the ones which open for us. " -- Alexander Graham Bell, inventor
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GEB
Games and Economic Behavior
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