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OLIGOPOLISTIC BEHAVIOR: Oligopolistic industries are nothing if not diverse. Some sell identical products, others differentiated products. Some have three or four firms of nearly equal size, others have one large dominate firm (a clear industry leader) and a handful of smaller firms (that follow the leader). Whatever products they may sell, and however they may be organized, oligopolistic industries share several behavioral tendencies, including (1) interdependence, (2) rigid prices, (3) nonprice competition, (4) mergers, and (5) collusion. In other words, each oligopolistic firm keeps a close eye on the decisions made by other firms in the industry (interdependence), are reluctant to change prices (rigid prices), but instead try to attract the competitors customers using incentives other than prices (nonprice competition), and when they get tired of competing with their competitors they are inclined to cooperate either legally (mergers) or illegally (collusion).
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AVERAGE TOTAL COST Total cost per unit of output, found by dividing total cost by the quantity of output. When compared with price (per unit revenue), average total cost (ATC) indicates the per unit profitability of a profit-maximizing firm. Average total cost is one of three average cost concepts important to short-run production analysis. The other two are average fixed cost and average variable cost. A related concept is marginal cost.
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GRAY SKITTERY
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a flea market seeking to buy either a birthday greeting card for your aunt or a wall poster commemorating the moon landing. Be on the lookout for cardboard boxes.
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General Electric is the only stock from the original 1896 Dow Jones Industrial Average remaining in the current index.
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"An organization's ability to learn, and translate that learning into action rapidly, is the ultimate competitive business advantage. " -- Jack Welch, General Electric chief executive
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EEH
Explorations in Economic History
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