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AGGREGATE MARKET SHOCKS: Disruptions of the equilibrium in the aggregate market (or AS-AD model) caused by shifts of the aggregate demand, short-run aggregate supply, or long-run aggregate supply curves. Shocks of the aggregate market are associated with, and thus used to analyze, assorted macroeconomic phenomena such as business cycles, unemployment, inflation, stabilization policies, and economic growth. The specific analysis of aggregate market shocks identifies changes in the price level (GDP price deflator) and real production (real GDP). However, changes in the price level and real production have direct implications for the unemployment rate, the inflation rate, national income, and a host of other macroeconomic measures.
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ORDINAL UTILITY The notion that utility--the satisfaction of wants and needs achieved through the consumption of goods and services--is measured by a ranking of preferences (first, second, third, etc.) that are only comparable on a relative basis. Ordinal utility does not presume that satisfaction is a measurable characteristic of a person, like height or weight, that can be compared against an established benchmark. The contrasting notion is cardinal utility, which is based on a numerical standard.
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PINK FADFLY
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time surfing the Internet hoping to buy either a pair of gray heavy duty boot socks or a 50-foot blue garden hose. Be on the lookout for telephone calls from long-lost relatives.
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Only 1% of the U.S. population paid income taxes when the income tax was established in 1914.
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"In the long run men hit only what they aim at. " -- Henry David Thoreau, philosopher
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BIS
Bank for International Settlements
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