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ZERO-BASE BUDGET: A method of budgeting expenditures in which each expenditure is justified on its overall merits rather than being based on the budget for the previous year. A zero-base budget is most often proposed (but seldom implemented) for governments. Governments generally establish budget expenditures based on expenditures for the previous year. If, for example, budget expenditures last year were $100 billion, the requested budget for this year might be set at $110 billion. The existing $100 billion is a "given" and only the extra $10 billion is justified. With a zero-base budget, the entire $110 billion is justified.
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INJECTIONS Non-consumption expenditures on aggregate production. The three aggregate expenditures grouped under the heading of injections are investment expenditures, government purchases and exports. Injections add to the core circular flow containing consumption, production, and income. The injections-leakages model is a Keynesian economics analysis that combines injections with leakages (saving, taxes, and imports) to identify the equilibrium level of aggregate production and income.
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Potato chips were invented in 1853 by a irritated chef repeatedly seeking to appease the hard to please Cornelius Vanderbilt who demanded french fried potatoes that were thinner and crisper than normal.
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"Nothing is a waste of time if you use the experience wisely. " -- Auguste Rodin, Sculptor
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BIS
Bank for International Settlements
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