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AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES: A reduction in production cost the results when related firms locate near one another. Firms can be related as competitors in the same industry, by using the same inputs, or through providing output to the same demographic group. The fashion industry, for example, experiences agglomeration economies because they can share specialized inputs (photographers, models) that would be too expensive to employ full time. Retail stores have agglomeration economies when located in shopping malls because they have access to a large group of potential customers with lower advertising cost. Agglomeration economies is given as one of the primary reasons for the emergence of urban areas.
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FOUR-SECTOR INJECTIONS-LEAKAGES MODEL A variation of the Keynesian injections-leakages model that adds the foreign sector to the three domestic sectors--the household sector, the business sector, and the government sector. This variation adds the foreign to the three domestic sectors (household, business, and government) in the three-sector model and provides an alternative to the four-sector aggregate expenditures (Keynesian cross). It provides the complete Keynesian representation of the macroeconomy, including the export-import interaction between the domestic economy and the foreign sector. Equilibrium is identified as the intersection between the S + T + M line and the I + G + X line. Two related variations are the two-sector injections-leakages model and the three-sector injections-leakages model.
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BEIGE MUNDORTLE
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time browsing through a long list of dot com websites seeking to buy either a pair of red and purple designer socks or a T-shirt commemorating Thor Heyerdahl's Pacific crossing aboard the Kon-Tiki. Be on the lookout for infected paper cuts.
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Junk bonds are so called because they have a better than 50% chance of default, carrying a Standard & Poor's rating of CC or lower.
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"Rowing harder doesn't help if the boat is headed in the wrong direction. " -- Kenichi Ohmae, management consultant
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RJE
RAND Journal of Economics
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