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COLLUSION AND EFFICIENCY: Colluding oligopolistic firms generally produce less output and charge a higher price than would be the case for a perfectly competitive industry. In essence, colluding oligopolistic firms function just as if a market were monopolized. The price charged by the colluding firms is higher than the marginal cost of production. The equality between price and marginal cost is THE key indication that resources are allocated efficiently and that society's resources are being used to generate the highest possible level of satisfaction. Because the colluding firms control the market like a monopoly, the market demand curve is THE demand curve for the colluding firms's. With a negatively-sloped demand curve, price is greater than marginal revenue. And because a profit-maximizing firm equates marginal revenue with marginal cost, the price charged by the colluding firms when the maximize industry profit is greater than marginal cost.
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PERFECT COMPETITION, SHUTDOWN A perfectly competitive firm is presumed to shutdown production and produce no output in the short run, if price is less than average variable cost. This is one of three short-run production alternatives facing a firm. The other two are profit maximization (if price exceeds average total cost) and loss minimization (if price is greater than average variable cost but less than average total cost).
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BLACK DISMALAPOD [What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time visiting every yard sale in a 30-mile radius wanting to buy either a how-to book on wine tasting or a bookshelf that will fit in your closet. Be on the lookout for malfunctioning pocket calculators. Your Complete Scope
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A U.S. dime has 118 groves around its edge, one fewer than a U.S. quarter.
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"Few things can help an individual more than to place responsibility on him, and to let him know that you trust him. " -- Booker T. Washington, educator
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JET Journal of Economic Theory
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