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BUSINESS CYCLE: The recurring expansions and contractions of the national economy (usually measured by real gross domestic product). A complete cycle typically lasts from three to five years, but could last ten years or more. It is divided into four phases -- expansion, peak, contraction, and trough. Unemployment inevitably rises during contractions and inflation tends to worsen during expansions. To avoid the inflation and unemployment problems of business cycles, the federal government frequently undertakes various fiscal and monetary policies.
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EQUILIBRIUM, LONG-RUN AGGREGATE MARKET The state of equilibrium that exists in the long-run aggregate market when real aggregate expenditures are equal to full-employment real production with no imbalances to induce changes in the price level or real production. The opposing forces of aggregate demand (the buyers) and long-run aggregate supply (the sellers) exactly offset each other. At the existing price level, the four macroeconomic sectors (household, business, government, and foreign) purchase all of the real production that they seek and producers sell all of the real production that they have.
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BEIGE MUNDORTLE
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time strolling through a department store hoping to buy either a large, stuffed kitty cat or a cross-cut paper shredder. Be on the lookout for malfunctioning pocket calculators.
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Three-forths of the gold mined each year is used to manufacture jewelry.
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"Genius is an infinite capacity for taking pains. " -- Jane Ellis Hopkins, writer
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AIFT
American Institute for Foreign Trade
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