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KEIRETSU: A form of business structure common in Japan which involves an alliance of several businesses, each working toward the mutual success of the group. The alliance also has close ties to government. Each "independent" business owns stock in the others and shares executives and directors. Keiretsu can be either horizontally or vertically integrated. Horizontal keiretsu cluster around a major bank with business ventures in a wide variety of industries. Vertical keiretsu contain businesses in all production phases of a particular industry, from raw materials to production to marketing.
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EFFECTIVE DEMAND A key conceptual notion of Keynesian economics stipulating that the aggregate expenditures on real production is based on existing or actual income rather than the income that would be generated with full employment of resources. Effective demand is embodied in the aggregate expenditures line, which has a positive slope, but a slope of less than one. This concept was proposed by Thomas Robert Malthus in the early 1800s as a counter argument to Say's law found in classical economics and then found new life when John Maynard Keynes developed his theory in the 1930s.
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ORANGE REBELOON
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time wandering around the shopping mall looking to buy either decorative picture frames or storage boxes for your income tax returns. Be on the lookout for neighborhood pets, especially belligerent parrots.
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Mark Twain said "I wonder how much it would take to buy soap buble if there was only one in the world."
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"The work of the individual still remains the spark that moves mankind forward. " -- Igor Sikorsky, aeronautical engineer
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BIS
Bank for International Settlements
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