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PAR VALUE: The stated, or face, value of a legal claim or financial asset. For debt securities, such as corporate bonds or U. S. Treasury securities, this is amount to be repaid at the time of maturity. For equity securities, that is, corporate stocks, this is the initial value set up at the time it is issued. Par value, also called face value, is not necessarily, and often is not, equal to the current market price of the asset. A $10,000 U.S. Treasury note, for example, has a par value of $10,000, but might have a current market price of $9,950. The difference between par value and current price contributes to the yield or return on such assets. An asset is selling at a discount if the current price is less than the par value and is selling at a premium if the current price is more than the par value.
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SUBSTITUTION EFFECT The change in quantity demanded that results because a change in the demand price of a good causes a change in the relative prices, which induces buyers to substitute the purchase of one good for another. This is one of two reasons, or effects, underlying the law of demand and the negative slope of the market demand curve. The other is the income effect.
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BLUE PLACIDOLA
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a garage sale looking to buy either any book written by Isaac Asimov or a how-to book on building remote controlled airplanes. Be on the lookout for crowded shopping malls.
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Natural gas has no odor. The smell is added artificially so that leaks can be detected.
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"Stand up to your obstacles and do something about them. You will find that they haven't half the strength you think they have." -- Norman Vincent Peale
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AEA
American Economic Association
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