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PARETO EFFICIENCY: A type of efficiency that results if one person can not be made better off without making someone else worse off. Named after Vilfredo Pareto, this criterion is the guiding theoretical notion of efficiency used in the study of economics, especially welfare economics. Pareto efficiency is generally not attained if some resources are idle or unemployed. By engaging idle resources in production, some people can have more production without reducing that available to others. A problem with Pareto efficiency, however, is that it is based on the existing distribution of income and wealth. This is one of two noted efficiency criteria used in economics. The other is Kaldor-Hicks efficiency.
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PRINCIPLE OF MINIMUM DIFFERENCES A principle stating that monopolistically competitive firms seek to maintain similarities between products at the same time they promote differences. Similarities enable substitutability, such that one firm can attract the buyers away from other firms. Differences enable uniqueness and market control, such that each firm has market control and is able to charge a higher price than achieved with perfect competition. This principle is also termed Hotelling's paradox.
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PINK FADFLY
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time browsing through a long list of dot com websites seeking to buy either a cell phone case or a pair of designer sunglasses. Be on the lookout for slow moving vehicles with darkened windows.
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It's estimated that the U.S. economy has about $20 million of counterfeit currency in circulation, less than 0.001 perecent of the total legal currency.
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"Be a yardstick of quality. Some people aren't used to an environment where excellence is expected. " -- Steve Jobs, Apple Computer co-founder
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PI
Personal Income
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