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OLIGOPOLY, CONCENTRATION: Oligopoly is a market structure that contains a small number of relatively large firms, meaning oligopoly markets tend to be concentrated. A small number of large firms account for a majority of total output. Concentration unto itself is not necessarily bad, but it often leads to inefficient behavior, such as collusion and nonprice competition. Concentration is measured in three ways--market share, concentration ratio, Herfindahl index.
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PERFECT COMPETITION, REALISM Perfect competition is an idealized market structure that does NOT exist in the real world. While some real world industries might come relatively close to one or two of the four key characteristics of perfect competition, none matches all four sufficiently that they can be declared PERFECTLY competitively. Some industries come close on the large number of small firms and the identical product characteristics. A few industries have relatively good, although not perfect, information about prices and technology. However, almost all industries fall far short of the perfect mobility characteristics.
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BROWN PRAGMATOX
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time going from convenience store to convenience store wanting to buy either 500 feet of telephone cable or a package of 4 by 6 index cards, the ones with lines. Be on the lookout for the happiest person in the room.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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On a typical day, the United States Mint produces over $1 million worth of dimes.
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"How we spend our days is, of course, how we spend our lives. " -- Annie Dillard, essayist
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NTB
Non-Tariff Barrier
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