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ECONOMIES OF SCALE: Declining long-run average cost that occurs as a firm increases all inputs and expands its scale of production. This is graphically illustrated by a negatively-sloped long-run average cost curve and typically occurs for relatively small levels of production. Economies of scale are then overwhelmed by diseconomies of scale for relatively large production levels. Together, economies of scale and diseconomies of scale cause the long-run average cost curve to be U-shaped.
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LEAKAGES LINE A graphical representation of the relation between the level of aggregate production and one or more leakages. The three leakages (non-consumption uses of the income generated from aggregate production) are saving, taxes, and imports. The leakages line sequentially adds, or layers, each of these three uses of income depending on the number of sectors used in the analysis (two, three, or four). The slope of the leakages line depends on which if any of the uses of income are induced by aggregate production. The leakages line is combined with the injections line (containing investment expenditures, government purchases, and exports) in the Keynesian injections-leakages model.
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BROWN PRAGMATOX
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time surfing the Internet looking to buy either a how-to book on the art of negotiation or a flower arrangement for your aunt. Be on the lookout for the last item on a shelf.
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Post WWI induced hyperinflation in German in the early 1900s raised prices by 726 million times from 1918 to 1923.
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"Being defeated is only a temporary condition; giving up is what makes it permanent." -- Marilyn vos Savant, Author
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L/I
Letter of Intent
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