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FEDERAL FUNDS RATE: The interest rate that banks charge each other when loaning bank reserves through the federal funds market. This is a key interest rate in the economy because helps to determine banks' minimum cost of getting funds. If the federal funds rate is higher, then banks are likely to raise the interest rates they charge, like the prime rate, home mortgage rate, or rate on car loans.
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REAL-BALANCE EFFECT A change in aggregate expenditures on real production made by the household, business, government, and foreign sectors that results because a change in the price level alters the purchasing power of money. This is one of three effects underlying the negative slope of the aggregate demand curve associated with a movement along the aggregate demand curve and a change in aggregate expenditures. The other two are interest-rate effect and net-export effect. The real-balance effect is somewhat analogous to the income effect underlying the negative slope of the market demand curve.
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The portion of aggregate output U.S. citizens pay in taxes (30%) is less than the other six leading industrialized nations -- Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, or Japan.
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"The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet." -- Aristotle, Greek philosopher
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EEH
Explorations in Economic History
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