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TOTAL COST AND MARGINAL COST: A mathematical connection between marginal cost and total cost stating that marginal cost IS the slope of the total cost curve. If the total cost curve has a positive slope (that is, is upward sloping), then marginal cost is positive. Moreover, if the total cost curve has a positive and increasingly steeper slope, then the marginal cost is positive and rising. If the total cost curve has a positive and decreasingly steeper slope, then the marginal cost is positive but falling.

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Lesson Contents
Unit 1: Getting Started
  • Overview
  • Assumptions
  • Limitations
  • Unit 1 Summary
  • Unit 2: The Schedule
  • Set Up
  • Opportunity Cost
  • Changing Cost
  • Unit 2 Summary
  • Unit 3: The Curve
  • Plot
  • Connecting Points
  • Slope and Cost
  • Shape
  • Unit 3 Summary
  • Unit 4: Analysis
  • Full Employment
  • Unemployment
  • Growth
  • Resource Quantity and Quality
  • Unit 4 Summary
  • Unit 5: Investment
  • Overview
  • Bundle Choices: A
  • Bundle Choices: E
  • Bundle Choices: I
  • Scarcity
  • Unit 5 Summary
  • Course Home
    Production Possibilities

    In this lesson we'll take a trip through production possibilities. Production possibilities is a handy little analysis that lets us consider what the economy is capable of doing, production-wise. We'll see have a production possibilities curve, the cornerstone of this analysis, is derived and how it can be used to understand several important concepts, including opportunity cost, unemployment, investment, and economic growth.

    • The first unit begins this lesson by laying the foundations for production possibilities analysis, especially assumptions and limitations.
    • We turn out attention in the second unit to the production possibilities schedule, a simple table that gives us a first shot on this analysis.
    • The production possibilities curve is then derived from the production possibilities schedule in the third unit, with particular emphasis on the importance of opportunity cost
    • In the fourth unit, we make use of the production possibilities analysis for an understanding of three important concepts: full employment, unemployment, and economic growth.
    • And lastly, the fifth unit uses production possibilities to analyze investment in capital goods as a means of achieving economic growth.

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    LONG-RUN AVERAGE COST

    The per unit cost of producing a good or service in the long run when all inputs under the control of the firm are variable. In other words, long-run total cost divided by the quantity of output produced. Long-run average cost is guided by returns to scale.

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