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ACTUAL INVESTMENT: Investment expenditures that the business sector actual undertakes during a given time period, including both planned investment and any unplanned inventory changes. This is a critical component of Keynesian economics and the analysis of macroeconomic equilibrium, which occurs when actual investment is equal to planned investment. The difference between planned and actual investment is unplanned investment, which is inventory changes caused by a difference between aggregate expenditures and aggregate output. Should actual and planned investment differ, then aggregate expenditures are not equal to aggregate output, and the macroeconomy is not in equilibrium.

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Lesson Contents
Unit 1: Getting Started
  • Overview
  • Assumptions
  • Limitations
  • Unit 1 Summary
  • Unit 2: The Schedule
  • Set Up
  • Opportunity Cost
  • Changing Cost
  • Unit 2 Summary
  • Unit 3: The Curve
  • Plot
  • Connecting Points
  • Slope and Cost
  • Shape
  • Unit 3 Summary
  • Unit 4: Analysis
  • Full Employment
  • Unemployment
  • Growth
  • Resource Quantity and Quality
  • Unit 4 Summary
  • Unit 5: Investment
  • Overview
  • Bundle Choices: A
  • Bundle Choices: E
  • Bundle Choices: I
  • Scarcity
  • Unit 5 Summary
  • Course Home
    Production Possibilities

    In this lesson we'll take a trip through production possibilities. Production possibilities is a handy little analysis that lets us consider what the economy is capable of doing, production-wise. We'll see have a production possibilities curve, the cornerstone of this analysis, is derived and how it can be used to understand several important concepts, including opportunity cost, unemployment, investment, and economic growth.

    • The first unit begins this lesson by laying the foundations for production possibilities analysis, especially assumptions and limitations.
    • We turn out attention in the second unit to the production possibilities schedule, a simple table that gives us a first shot on this analysis.
    • The production possibilities curve is then derived from the production possibilities schedule in the third unit, with particular emphasis on the importance of opportunity cost
    • In the fourth unit, we make use of the production possibilities analysis for an understanding of three important concepts: full employment, unemployment, and economic growth.
    • And lastly, the fifth unit uses production possibilities to analyze investment in capital goods as a means of achieving economic growth.

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    SUPPLY

    The willingness and ability to sell a range of quantities of a good at a range of prices, during a given time period. Supply is one half of the market exchange process--the other is demand. This supply side of the market draws inspiration from the limited resources dimension of the scarcity problem.

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    Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time visiting every yard sale in a 30-mile radius wanting to buy either a video camera with stop action features or one of those memory foam pillows. Be on the lookout for the happiest person in the room.
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    Natural gas has no odor. The smell is added artificially so that leaks can be detected.
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