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YIELD: The rate of return on a financial asset. In some simple cases, the yield on a financial asset, like commercial paper, corporate bond, or government security, is the asset's interest rate. However, as a more general rule, the yield includes both the interest earned from an asset plus any changes in the asset's price. Suppose, for example, that a $100,000 bond has a 10 percent interest rate, such that the holder receives $10,000 interest per year. If the price of the bond increases over the course of the year from $100,000 to $105,000, then the bond's yield is greater than 10 percent. It includes the $10,000 interest plus the $5,000 bump in the price, giving a yield of 15 percent. Because bonds and similar financial assets often have fixed interest payments, their prices and subsequently yields move up and down as economic conditions change.
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Lesson 19: Money Creation | Unit 2: Fred Returns
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Page: 7 of 23
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Elizabeth needs a loan, but she doesn't want gold, she wants receipts, she wants money.Remember that: - Fred issues receipts only for deposits.
- Can he just issue receipts?Two options:
- One: Fred can loan gold from his safe, which Elizabeth can deposit for receipts.
- Two: Fred can loan Elizabeth the receipts directly. Note that:
- With both, Elizabeth ends up with receipts and Fred ends up with the same amount of gold in his safe.
- With both, receipts are not all backed by gold: The loan increases the number of receipts in circulation.Fractional-reserve banking:
- If every receipt is redeemed, then Fred is in trouble.
- But Fred knows that only a fraction of the gold is redeemed at any given time.
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LONG-RUN TREND The pattern of potential real gross domestic product of an economy based on full employment of available resources. The long-run trend is commonly represented as a positively-sloped line in a diagram depicting business-cycle phases. This slope captures the economy's expansion in its production possibilities resulting from increases in the quantity and quality of resources.
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The wealthy industrialist, Andrew Carnegie, was once removed from a London tram because he lacked the money needed for the fare.
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"Plans are only good intentions unless they immediately degenerate into hard work." -- Peter Drucker, management consultant
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ANOVA Analysis of Variance
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