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ZERO-SUM GAME: A situation in which a fixed amount is divided up among the winners and losers. In a zero-sum game the wins equal the losses. Many stock market, or financial market, exchanges are zero-sum. One person buys low and sells high, while another buys high and sells low. The wealth in such transactions are merely transferred from one person to another. "Productive" market transactions, in contrast, are not zero-sum. The act of producing goods and services from resources that are consumed to satisfy wants and needs results in a net gain to society.

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Lesson 19: Money Creation | Unit 2: Fred Returns Page: 9 of 23

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  • Reviewing Fred the Goldsmith, that Fred has developed several modern banking functions: safekeeping, depository, lending and fractional-reserve banking functions.
  • Fred's system of tracking gold flows by issuing receipts for each deposit.
  • The three main features of Fred's system:
    • Knights need not withdraw the same gold deposited.
    • Fred need not personally know each knight requesting services.
    • These gold receipts are as good as gold and become money.
  • Two options Fred has to make a loan:
    • Loan some gold from the safe which could be deposited back in return for receipts.
    • To loan the receipts directly.
  • The importance of fractional-reserve banking and Fred's ability to create money that is used for investment and economic growth.

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AVERAGE PHYSICAL PRODUCT

The quantity of total output produced per unit of a variable input, holding all other inputs fixed. Average physical product, usually abbreviated APP, is found by dividing total physical product by the quantity of the variable input. Average product, which more often goes by the shorter name average product (AP), is one of two measures derived from total physical product. The other is marginal physical product.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at the confiscated property police auction looking to buy either a coffee cup commemorating the 1960 Presidential election or a how-to book on fixing your computer, with illustrations. Be on the lookout for a thesaurus filled with typos.
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The first paper currency used in North America was pasteboard playing cards "temporarily" authorized as money by the colonial governor of French Canada, awaiting "real money" from France.
"The past cannot be changed. The future is yet in your power. "

-- Hugh White, U.S. Senator

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Variable Interest Rate
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