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YELLOW-DOG CONTRACT: An agreement signed by workers before they are hired, stipulating that they would not join a union after they are hired. This contract was commonly used by firms in the late 1800s and early 1900s to limit labor union membership and thus to prevent unions from exerting control over the labor market. Yellow-dog contracts were outlawed by the Norris-LaGuardia Act in 1932.

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Lesson 2: Economic Science | Unit 2: Theory Page: 5 of 20

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Here are three notable aspects of scientific theories:
  • Universal: Theories are best if they apply to a wide variety of events. The scientific method is the process of identifying general principles that eliminate exceptions.
  • World View: Theories typically build upon a world view as part of their general body of principles.
    • Verified Principles. These are confirmed through the process of hypotheses testing.
    • Unverifiable Axioms. These are beliefs that are not directly testable against real world data. These are accepted on faith.
  • Political: The world view reflected in an economic theory is usually associated with a political philosophy.

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AVERAGE COST

The opportunity cost incurred per unit of good produced. This is calculated by dividing the cost of production by the quantity of output produced. While average cost is a general term relating cost and the quantity of output, three specific average cost terms are average total cost, average variable cost, and average fixed cost. A related cost term is marginal cost.

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PURPLE SMARPHIN
[What's This?]

Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time strolling around a discount warehouse buying club wanting to buy either clothing for your pet dog or an ink cartridge for your printer. Be on the lookout for mail order catalogs with hidden messages.
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Cyrus McCormick not only invented the reaper for harvesting grain, he also invented the installment payment for selling his reaper.
"Whenever an individual or a business decides that success has been attained, progress stops. "

-- Thomas Watson Jr., IBM executive

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