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X-INEFFICIENCY: Cost that is higher than it needs to be because a firm is operating inefficiently. This is most often seen for firms that have a great deal of market control, especially monopoly. The lack of competition allows a business to pad it's expenses, hire unneeded employees (like relatives), goof off instead of working, and all sorts of other things that lessen production and increase cost. The business is not penalized for these actions, because market control allows the company to extract whatever price is needed to cover cost.

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Lesson 20: Federal Reserve System | Unit 2: What It Does Page: 5 of 20

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The United States had two attempts at central banking in the late 1700s and early 1800s. From 1836 to 1913, a period marked by perpetual economic turmoil, the United States had no central bank.

With no central bank:

  • Banks played fast and loose with deposits and loans.
  • They came up short of reserves and were forced to shut down, taking deposits with them.
  • When deposits evaporated, so too did the financial wealth of customers and part of the money supply.
  • Bank closings were seldom isolated events, bank panics usually spread rapidly throughout the economy.
  • Without money, production went unsold and resources were unemployed.

  • The Federal Reserve System was established in 1913. although imperfect, it has helped stabilize the economy.

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ECONOMIC RESOURCE

A resource with an available quantity less than its desired use. Economic, or scarce, resources are also called factors of production and generally classified as either labor, capital, land, or entrepreneurship. Economic resources are the workers, equipment, raw materials, and organizers that are used to produce economic goods. Like the more general society-wide condition of scarcity, a given resource falls into the economic or scarce category because of it has a limited availability relative to (potentially unlimited) productive uses.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time searching the newspaper want ads trying to buy either a remote controlled train set or a genuine down-filled snow parka. Be on the lookout for gnomes hiding in cypress trees.
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Lewis Carroll, the author of Alice in Wonderland, was the pseudonym of Charles Dodgson, an accomplished mathematician and economist.
"The mediocre teacher tells. The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires."

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