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MAASTRICHT TREATY: An agreement among 12 European nations in 1992 that established the European Union. The 12 nations signing the Maastricht Treaty are Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Germany, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, and Great Britain. This treaty was designed to form a more economically and politically integrated European economy, including the reduction or elimination of tariffs and nontariff barriers, the creation of monetary unit (the euro), the establishment of a common military and defense policy, and centralized monetary policy. This amended early agreements setting up a European common market. The Maastricht Treaty is merely one of several international trade agreements created over the years to reduce trade restrictions. Others include the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the North American Free Trade Agreement.
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Lesson 5: Demand | Unit 2: Law of Demand
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Page: 6 of 20
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An important question is: Why does the law of demand work? Two reasons are income effect and substitution effect. First, the income effect. This is the change in quantity demanded that results because a change in price gives a buyer more real income, even though money income remains unchanged. - The reason is that buyers have limited income.
- Any change in price affects the purchasing power of buyers' limited income. A higher price means a given income can buy less and a lower price means a given income can buy more.
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CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE A given proportional change in all resources in the long run results in the same proportional change in production. Constant returns to scale exists if a firm increases ALL resources--labor, capital, and other inputs--by 10 percent, and output also increases by 10 percent. This is one of three returns to scale. The other two are increasing returns to scale and decreasing returns to scale.
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RED AGGRESSERINE
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time browsing through a long list of dot com websites looking to buy either a birthday gift for your grandfather or a pleather CD case. Be on the lookout for empty parking spaces that appear to be near the entrance to a store.
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North Carolina supplied all the domestic gold coined for currency by the U.S. Mint in Philadelphia until 1828.
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"The past is a foreign country; they do things differently there." -- Leslie Poles Hartley, Writer
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JEH
Journal of Economic History
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