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EIGHT-FIRM CONCENTRATION RATIO: The proportion of total output in an industry that's produced by the eight largest firms in the industry. This is one of two common concentration ratios. The other is the four-firm concentration ratio. The eight-firm concentration ratio is commonly used to indicate the degree to which an industry is oligopolistic and how market control is held by the eight largest firms in the industry.
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Lesson 8: Market Shocks | Unit 5: Cause and Effect
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Page: 18 of 20
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Topic:
Economic Science
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Economic analysis lets us examine market shocks in a systematic manner.- Many things affect the market. Prices and quantities can fall or raise for many different reasons.
- Ceteris paribus lets us isolate particular changes in the demand and supply determinants to analyze how price and quantity are affected.
- This market-shock analysis lets us isolate the basic cause and effect principles of economic science.
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SAY'S LAW A principle of classical economics developed the French economist Jean-Baptiste Say that is commonly summarized as "supply creates its own demand." This law, also referred to as Say's "theory of markets" or "law of markets," indicates that the act of producing aggregate output generates a sufficient amount of aggregate income to purchase all of the output produced. This principle indicated that excess production or insufficient demand for production was unlikely to occur, at least for any extended period. When combined with flexible prices and saving-investment equality, Say's law further implied that an economy would achieve and maintain full employment of resources. This law was singled out by John Maynard Keynes in his critique of classical economics, but remains relevant in current macroeconomic analysis, reflected in the circular flow model.
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The first paper notes printed in the United States were in denominations of 1 cent, 5 cents, 25 cents, and 50 cents.
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"The will to win is important, but the will to prepare is vital. " -- Joe Paterno, football coach
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CAR
Cumulative Average Return
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