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LONG-RUN AVERAGE COST CURVE: A curve depicting the per unit cost of producing a good or service in the long run when all inputs are variable. The long-run average cost curve (usually abbreviated LRAC) can be derived in two ways. On is to plot long-run average cost, which is, long-run total cost divided by the quantity of output produced. at different output levels. The more common method, however, is as an envelope of an infinite number of short-run average total cost curves. Such an envelope is base on identifying the point on each short-run average total cost curve that provides the lowest possible average cost for each quantity of output. The long-run average cost curve is U-shaped, reflecting economies of scale (or increasing returns to scale) when negatively-sloped and diseconomies of scale (or decreasing returns to scale) when positively sloped. The minimum point (or range) on the LRAC curve is the minimum efficient scale.
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Lesson 4: Production Possibilities | Unit 3: The Curve
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Page: 11 of 24
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The slope of a line is measured by calculating the change in the value measured on the vertical axis divided by the change in the value measured on the horizontal axis. - Another way of saying this is to take the rise over the run.
| rise | change in shoes | | slope = | ---- = | -------------------------- | | run | change in calibrators |
- Slope between I and J is -70. Rise is a decrease of 70. Run is an increase of 1.
The slope of the production possibilities curve is the opportunity cost of the good measured on the horizontal axis, which in our example is clock calibrators.
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AGGREGATE SUPPLY DECREASE, LONG-RUN AGGREGATE MARKET A shock to the long-run aggregate market caused by a decrease in aggregate supply, resulting in and illustrated by a leftward shift of the long-run aggregate supply curve. A decrease in aggregate supply in the long-run aggregate market results in an increase in the price level and a decrease in real production. The level of real production resulting from the shock is a smaller level of full-employment real production.
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BEIGE MUNDORTLE
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time driving to a factory outlet seeking to buy either storage boxes for your computer software CDs or a set of tires. Be on the lookout for bottles of barbeque sauce that act TOO innocent.
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In 1914, Ford paid workers who were age 22 or older $5 per day -- double the average wage offered by other car factories.
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"Old age isn't so bad when you consider the alternative. " -- Cato, Roman orator
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SSAP
Statement of Standard Accounting Practice
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