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RISK POOLING: Combining the uncertainty of individuals into a calculable risk for large groups. For example, you may or may not contract the flu this year. However, if you're thrown in with 99,999 other people, then health-care types who spend their lives measuring the odds of an illness, can predict that 1 percent of the group, or 1,000 people, will get the flu. The uncertainty is that they probably don't know which 1,000 people, they only know the number afflicted. This little bit of information is what makes risk pooling possible. If the cost is $50 per illness, then an insurance company can insure your 100,000-member group against flu if they collect $50,000 ($50 x 1,000 sick people), or 50 cents per person. By agreeing to pay the cost of each sick person in exchange for the 50 cent payments, the insurance company has effectively pooled the risk of the group.
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CONSUMPTION LINE A graphical depiction of the relation between household sector consumption and income that forms one of the key building blocks for Keynesian economics. A consumption line is characterized by vertical intercept, which indicates autonomous consumption, and slope, which is the marginal propensity to consume and indicates induced consumption. The aggregate expenditures line used in Keynesian economics is derived by adding or stacking investment, government purchases, and net exports to the consumption line. Saving is indicated as the difference between the consumption line and the 45-degree guide line.
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A lump of pure gold the size of a matchbox can be flattened into a sheet the size of a tennis court!
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"We may affirm absolutely that nothing great in the world has been accomplished without passion." -- Hegel
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BIS Bank for International Settlements
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