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PARETO EFFICIENCY: A type of efficiency that results if one person can not be made better off without making someone else worse off. Named after Vilfredo Pareto, this criterion is the guiding theoretical notion of efficiency used in the study of economics, especially welfare economics. Pareto efficiency is generally not attained if some resources are idle or unemployed. By engaging idle resources in production, some people can have more production without reducing that available to others. A problem with Pareto efficiency, however, is that it is based on the existing distribution of income and wealth. This is one of two noted efficiency criteria used in economics. The other is Kaldor-Hicks efficiency.
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SUBSTITUTE-IN-CONSUMPTION One of two (or more) goods that provide the same basic satisfaction of a want or need when consumed. A substitute-in-consumption is one of two alternatives falling within the other prices determinant of demand. The other is a complement-in-consumption. An increase in the price of one substitute good causes an increase in demand for the other. A substitute-in-consumption has a positive cross elasticity of demand.
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PURPLE SMARPHIN
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time watching the shopping channel seeking to buy either a coffee cup commemorating the 1960 Presidential election or a how-to book on fixing your computer, with illustrations. Be on the lookout for poorly written technical manuals.
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Three-forths of the gold mined each year is used to manufacture jewelry.
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"The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet." -- Aristotle, philosopher
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IBB
International Bank Bonds
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