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LAFFER CURVE: The graphical inverted-U relation between tax rates and total tax collections by government. Developed by economist Arthur Laffer, the Laffer curve formed a key theoretical foundation for supply-side economics of President Reagan during the 1980s. It is based on the notion that government collects zero revenue if the tax rate is 0% and if the tax rate is 100%. At a 100% tax rate no one has the incentive to work, produce, and earn income, so there is no income to tax. As such, the optimum tax rate, in which government revenue is maximized, lies somewhere between 0% and 100%. This generates a curve shaped like and inverted U, rising from zero to a peak, then falling back to zero. If the economy is operating to the right of the peak, then government revenue can be increased by decreasing the tax rate. This was used to justify supply-side economic policies during the Reagan Administration, especially the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (Kemp-Roth Act).
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RETURNS TO SCALE Changes in production the occur when all resources are proportionately changed in the long run. Returns to scale come in three forms--increasing, decreasing, or constant based on whether the changes in production are proportionally more than, less than, or equal to the proportional changes in inputs. Returns to scale are the guiding principle for long-run production, playing a similar role that the law of diminishing marginal returns plays for short-run production.
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YELLOW CHIPPEROON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time waiting for visits from door-to-door solicitors hoping to buy either a pair of designer sunglasses or looseleaf notebook paper. Be on the lookout for letters from the Internal Revenue Service.
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Only 1% of the U.S. population paid income taxes when the income tax was established in 1914.
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"When one door closes another door opens; but we do often look so long and so regretfully upon the closed door, that we do not see the ones which open for us. " -- Alexander Graham Bell, inventor
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NIA
National Income Accounts
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