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BANK RESERVES: The "money" that banks use to conduct day-to-day business, including cashing checks, satisfying customers's withdrawals, and clearing checks between accounts at different banks. The "money" in question includes vault cash and Federal Reserve deposits. Specifically, vault cash is the paper money and coins that a bank keeps on the bank premises (both in the vault and in teller drawers), which is used to "cash" checks and otherwise provide the funds that customers withdraw. Federal Reserve deposits are accounts that banks keep with the Federal Reserve System, which are used to process, in a systematic, centralized fashion, the millions of checks written each day by customers of one bank that are deposited by customers of another bank. Using these deposits, the Fed acts as a central clearing house for checks, being able to simultaneously debit the account of one bank and credit the account of another. More on the importance of bank reserves can be found under fractional-reserve banking.
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ECONOMIES OF SCALE Declining long-run average cost that occurs as a firm increases all inputs and expands its scale of production. Economies of scale result from increasing returns to scale and are graphically illustrated by a negatively-sloped long-run average cost curve. Economies of scale usually occur for relatively small levels of production and are then overwhelmed by diseconomies of scale for relatively large production levels. Together, economies of scale and diseconomies of scale create a U-shaped long-run average cost curve.
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BEIGE MUNDORTLE
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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time visiting every yard sale in a 30-mile radius hoping to buy either an extra large beach blanket or a large flower pot shaped like a Greek urn. Be on the lookout for slow moving vehicles with darkened windows.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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The standard "debt" notation I.O.U. does not mean "I owe you," but actually stands for "I owe unto..."
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"You can't use up creativity. The more you use, the more you have. " -- Maya Angelou, poet
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SAS
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