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INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE: A given proportionate increase in all resources in the long run results in a proportionately greater increase in production. Increasing returns to scale exists if a firm increases ALL resources -- labor, capital, and other inputs -- by 10%, and output increases by more than 10%. You might want to compare decreasing returns to scale and constant returns to scale.

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Lesson 1: Economic Basics | Unit 3: The Economy Page: 7 of 18

Topic: An Economy <=PAGE BACK | PAGE NEXT=>

Because of the scarcity problem, we need a way to divide up what we have. This is accomplished by an economy.

An economy is a system of production, distribution, and consumption of resources, goods, and services that addresses the basic economic problem of scarcity and answers the three questions of allocation: What? How? For Whom?

Economies rely on markets and government to perform the allocation task.

The allocation processes involves the institutions of:

  • Markets allocate resources through voluntary choices made by people--buyers and sellers.
  • Government allocates resources through involuntary taxes, laws, restrictions, and regulations imposed on these people.
Both are important methods of allocation.

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PERFECTLY INELASTIC

An elasticity alternative in which changes in one variable (usually price) do NOT cause any changes in another variable (usually quantity). Quantity is totally, completely unresponsive to price. Quantity just does not change, regardless of changes in price. This characterization of elasticity is most important for the price elasticity of demand and the price elasticity of supply. Perfectly inelastic is one of five elasticity alternatives. The other four are perfectly elastic, relatively elastic, relatively inelastic, and unit elastic.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time strolling around a discount warehouse buying club looking to buy either a wall poster commemorating next Thursday or a pair of gray heavy duty boot socks. Be on the lookout for telephone calls from former employers.
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