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FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION ACT: This antitrust law passed in 1914 created the Federal Trade Commission to clarify which practices and activities were illegal under antitrust laws. The Federal Trade Commission Act was one of three major antitrust laws passed in the late 1800s and early 1900s. The other two were the Sherman Act and the Clayton Act. In particular, the Federal Trade Commission was responsible for setting the standards for what constituted unfair competition and for investigating business activities that might lead to monopolization of a market or restraint of trade. The Whealer-Lea Act, passed in 1938, was a major amendment t the Federal Trade Commission Act.

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Lesson 2: Economic Science | Unit 4: Science and Practice Page: 13 of 20

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An example of how the scientific method works:
  • You suspect that a relationship exists between course grades and where students are seated in the class.
  • Specifically, you think that students who sit closer to the front of the class receive higher the grades.
Three forms of our hypothesis:
General:
  • Students seated closer to the front receive higher grades.
A More Specific Form:
  • If students sit on the front row, then they receive As-- if they sit on the second row, then they receive Bs-- etc.
Using An Equation:
  • G = a + bD, where b is negative, meaning students seated closer (small D) receive higher grades (large G).
  • Key is that we can compare hypothesis with data.

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INTEREST-RATE EFFECT

A change in aggregate expenditures on real production, especially those made by the household and business sectors, that results because a change in the price level alters the interest rate which then affects the cost of borrowing. This is one of three effects underlying the negative slope of the aggregate demand curve associated with a movement along the aggregate demand curve and a change in aggregate expenditures. The other two are real-balance effect and net-export effect.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time visiting every yard sale in a 30-mile radius wanting to buy either a wall poster commemorating yesterday or pink cotton balls. Be on the lookout for bottles of barbeque sauce that act TOO innocent.
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