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AD CURVE: The aggregate demand curve, which is a graphical representation of the relation between aggregate expenditures on real production and the price level, holding all ceteris paribus aggregate demand determinants constant. The aggregate demand, or AD, curve is one side of the graphical presentation of the aggregate market. The other side is occupied by the aggregate supply curve (which is actually two curves, the long-run aggregate supply curve and the short-run aggregate supply curve). The negative slope of the aggregate demand curve captures the inverse relation between aggregate expenditures on real production and the price level. This negative slope is attributable to the interest-rate effect, real-balance effect, and net-export effect.
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Lesson 2: Economic Science | Unit 1: The Method
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Page: 2 of 20
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The scientific method has four important parts:- Theory: A theory is a scientifically accepted, interrelated body of general principles used to explain and understand some aspect of the world.
- Principles: A principle is a generally accepted, verified, fundamental laws of nature. Principles establish cause and effect relations about the real world.
- Hypotheses: An hypothesis is a reasonable proposition about the workings of the world that is inspired or implied by a theory and which may or may not be true.
- Data: These are observations about what is actually happening in the real world. Data are used to validate or verify hypotheses and are essential to the scientific method.
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INCREASING-COST INDUSTRY A perfectly competitive industry with a positively-sloped long-run industry supply curve that results because expansion of the industry causes higher production cost and resource prices. An increasing-cost industry occurs because the entry of new firms, prompted by an increase in demand, causes the long-run average cost curve of each firm to shift upward, which increases the minimum efficient scale of production.
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WHITE GULLIBON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time strolling around a discount warehouse buying club seeking to buy either a flower arrangement for your aunt or a birthday greeting card for your uncle. Be on the lookout for malfunctioning pocket calculators.
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The portion of aggregate output U.S. citizens pay in taxes (30%) is less than the other six leading industrialized nations -- Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, or Japan.
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"Advice is like snow ‚ the softer it falls, the longer it dwells upon and the deeper it sinks into the mind. " -- Samuel Taylor Coleridge, poet
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IIPF
International Institute of Public Finance
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