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DECREASING RETURNS TO SCALE: A given proportionate increase in all resources in the long run results in a proportionately smaller increase in production. Decreasing returns to scale exists if a firm increases ALL resources -- labor, capital, and other inputs -- by 10%, and output increases by less than 10%. You might want to compare increasing returns to scale and constant returns to scale.

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Lesson 20: Federal Reserve System | Unit 4: Monetary Policy Page: 14 of 20

Topic: Open Market Operations <=PAGE BACK | PAGE NEXT=>

Open market operations are the most important tool of monetary policy.
  • The Federal government budget deficit is financed by issuing or selling U.S. Treasury Securities, which are traded through the open market.
  • Banks, corporations, government agencies, pension funds and regular people are the buyers and sellers in this 'open market' for Treasury Securities.
  • Treasury Securities are low risk investments.

Two major players in the open market:

  • Commercial Banks: They use secure investments to ensure bank stability.
  • Federal Reserve: They buy and sell treasury securities with the expressed goal of manipulating bank reserves and the money supply.

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SUPPLY PRICE

The minimum price that sellers are willing and able to accept for a given quantity of a good. While sellers might be willing and able to accept more than the supply price for a given quantity, they are not willing and able to accept less. The supply curve is a plot of the supply price for each quantity.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time wandering around the downtown area looking to buy either handcrafted decorations to hang on your walls or throw pillows for your bed. Be on the lookout for high interest rates.
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The Dow Jones family of stock market price indexes began with a simple average of 11 stock prices in 1884.
"Act well at the moment, and you have performed a good action for all eternity."

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