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VOLUNTARY EXCHANGE: The process of willingly trading one item for another. The emphasis here is on "willingly." Voluntary exchanges are the heart and soul of market transactions, and should be contrasted with the "involuntary" exchanges mandated by government taxes, laws, and regulations. While involuntary government-forced exchanges play an important role in a mixed economy, economists really, really like voluntary market exchanges because they promote economic efficiency.

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Lesson 3: Scarcity | Unit 2: Resources Page: 8 of 17

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  • The use of limited resources (factors of production) to produce goods and services that satisfy wants and needs.
  • The four basic types of resources: labor, capital, land, and entrepreneurship.
  • Labor as the human effort used to produce goods.
  • Capital as the manufactured resource used in production.
  • Land as the natural resources that provide the materials used in goods.
  • Entrepreneurship as the factor that combines other resources in the production process.
  • Differences between limited, scarce, and free resources.
  • The fuzzy areas of overlap between the different types of resources.

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FIRM

An organization that combines scarce resources for the production and supply of goods and services. The firm is used by entrepreneurs to bring together otherwise idle resources. The term firm is often used synonymously with the business, enterprise, or company. If there is a difference, a firm is functionally defined and need not be a typical for-profit business. A firm can be profit oriented, nonprofit, privately owned, or government controlled.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time touring the new suburban shopping complex looking to buy either 500 feet of telephone cable or a package of 4 by 6 index cards, the ones with lines. Be on the lookout for slow moving vehicles with darkened windows.
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A U.S. dime has 118 groves around its edge, one fewer than a U.S. quarter.
"We succeed in enterprises (that) demand the positive qualities we possess, but we excel in those (that) can also make use of our defects."

-- Alexis de Tocqueville, Statesman

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