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GOVERNMENT BORROWING: The demand for loans obtained through the financial markets by the government sector to finance government purchases over and above taxes. In terms of the circular flow, this is one of two demands for household saving diverted into financial markets, the other is investment borrowing.
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Lesson 7: Market | Unit 4: Adjustment
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Page: 13 of 22
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Markets have a built-in self correction mechanism:- If a market is at equilibrium, it remains there.
- If a market is not at equilibrium, it moves to equilibrium.
- A market does not need someone (like government) controlling it to ensure that it reaches equilibrium.
Three price alternatives:- At equilibrium, nothing changes.
- Below equilibrium, a shortage.
- Above equilibrium, a surplus.
- By creating shortages and surpluses, non-equilibrium prices induce the price to change. These changing prices move the market back to equilibrium.
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FREE-RIDER PROBLEM A problem underlying the provision of public goods that occurs when a person consumes or benefits from a good without making payment. The free-rider problem is the primary reason that public goods are produced by governments. Because public goods are characterized by the inability to exclude nonpayers, once a public good is produced anyone, everyone, can consume without making payment, that is, get a "free ride." Voluntary payments like those occurring in markets will not provide enough revenue to pay production costs. The only way to finance public goods is to force free-riders, and everyone else, to pay through government taxes. The free-rider problem also applies to common-property goods.
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WHITE GULLIBON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time watching the shopping channel wanting to buy either a T-shirt commemorating the 2000 Presidential election or a really, really exciting, action-filled video game. Be on the lookout for infected paper cuts.
Your Complete Scope
This isn't me! What am I?
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The penny is the only coin minted by the U.S. government in which the "face" on the head looks to the right. All others face left.
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"Courage is the ladder on which all the other virtues mount." -- Claire Boothe Luce, diplomat, writer
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LAD
Least Absolute Deviations
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