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KEYNESIAN THEORY: A theory of macroeconomics developed by John Maynard Keynes built on the proposition that aggregate demand is the primary source of business cycle instability, especially recessions. The basic structure of the Keynesian theory of economics was initially presented in Keynes' book The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money (1936).

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Lesson 16: Perfect Competition | Unit 3: Doing Graphs Page: 16 of 28

Topic: Short-Run Alternatives <=PAGE BACK | PAGE NEXT=>

  • The three alternatives for short-run production facing a perfectly competitive firm are:

    • P > ATC: Total revenue exceeds total cost and the firm receives a positive economic profit. In this case, a firm maximizes profit by producing the quantity of output that equates marginal revenue and marginal cost.

    • ATC < P > AVC: Total revenue falls short of total cost, meaning the firm incurs an economic loss (or negative economic profit). In spite of the loss, because the price exceeds average variable cost, the firm can maximize profit (minimize loss) by producing the quantity of output that equates marginal revenue and marginal cost.

    • P < AVC: Total revenue also falls short of total cost, and the firm incurs an economic loss (or negative economic profit). In this case the firm maximizes profit (that is, minimizes loss) by reducing the quantity of output to zero.


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COMPLEMENT-IN-PRODUCTION

One of two (or more) goods that are simultaneously produced using a given resource. A complement-in-production is one of two alternatives falling within the other prices determinant of supply. The other is a substitute-in-production. An increase in the price of one complement good causes an increase in supply for the other.

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