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HORIZONTAL MERGER: The consolidation under a single ownership of two separately-owned businesses in the same industry. An example of a horizontal merger would be two soft drink companies merging to form a single firm. A horizontal merger should be contrasted with vertical merger--two firms in different stages of the production of one good, such that the output of one business is the input of the other; and conglomerate merger--two firms in totally, completely separate industries.
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Lesson 19: Monopolistic Competition | Unit 4: Analysis
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Page: 17 of 22
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- Attracting customers is the firm's prime reason for advertising:
- Advertising is information provided by a company about its product or operation, usually through media such as television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and the Internet, to promote or maintain sales, revenue, and/or profit.
- Advertising is generally used by monopolistic competition to accomplish two related goals -- product differentiation and market control.
- From a more graphical standpoint, advertising seeks:
- To Increase Demand
- To Reduce Demand Elasticity
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SAY'S LAW A principle of classical economics developed the French economist Jean-Baptiste Say that is commonly summarized as "supply creates its own demand." This law, also referred to as Say's "theory of markets" or "law of markets," indicates that the act of producing aggregate output generates a sufficient amount of aggregate income to purchase all of the output produced. This principle indicated that excess production or insufficient demand for production was unlikely to occur, at least for any extended period. When combined with flexible prices and saving-investment equality, Say's law further implied that an economy would achieve and maintain full employment of resources. This law was singled out by John Maynard Keynes in his critique of classical economics, but remains relevant in current macroeconomic analysis, reflected in the circular flow model.
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GRAY SKITTERY
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time flipping through mail order catalogs looking to buy either a country wreathe or galvanized steel storage shelves. Be on the lookout for slightly overweight pizza delivery guys.
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Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen were the 1st Nobel Prize winners in Economics in 1969.
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"It is not because things are difficult that we do not dare; it is because we do not dare that they are difficult. " -- Seneca, statesman, dramatist, philosopher
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AS-AD
Aggregate Supply-Aggregate Demand Model
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