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IBT: The abbreviation for indirect business taxes, which is the official entry in the National Income and Product Accounts maintained by the Bureau of Economic Analysis for sales taxes. Indirect business taxes are one key difference between national income (the resource cost of production) and gross/net domestic product (the market value of production). For further discussion of this point, see gross domestic product and national income or net domestic product and national income. Indirect business taxes is generally less than 10% of gross domestic product (7-8% is common).
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Lesson 19: Monopolistic Competition | Unit 5: Evaluation
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Page: 19 of 22
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Topic:
The Bad: Inefficient
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- Two primary problems with monopolistic competition.
- Inefficient Allocation: A monopolistic competition firm produces less output and charges a higher price than a perfect competition firm.
- Excess Capacity: In the long run, the entry and exit of firms and market control forces each monopolistic competition firm to produce at a production level less than the minimum efficient scale.
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INCREASING MARGINAL RETURNS In the short-run production by a firm, an increase in the variable input results in an increase in the marginal product of the variable input. Increasing marginal returns typically surface when the first few quantities of a variable input are added to a fixed input. This is one of two alternatives for marginal returns. The other is decreasing marginal returns. A related phenomenon for long-run production is increasing returns to scale.
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YELLOW CHIPPEROON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at a crowded estate auction wanting to buy either a coffee cup commemorating the first day of spring or a printer that works with your stockpile of ink cartridges. Be on the lookout for florescent light bulbs that hum folk songs from the sixties.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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The average bank teller loses about $250 every year.
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"Old age isn't so bad when you consider the alternative. " -- Cato, Roman orator
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BOJ
Bank of Japan
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