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KEYNESIAN EQUILIBRIUM: The state of the macroeconomy in which aggregate expenditures are equal to aggregate output. This is illustrated using the income-expenditure model, or Keynesian cross, as the intersection of the aggregate expenditures line and the 45-degree line. The aggregate expenditures line is the summation of consumption expenditures, investment expenditures, government purchases, and net exports. The 45-degree line represents all combinations in which aggregate expenditures equal aggregate output. Keynesian equilibrium is also represented by the saving-investment, or injection-leakage, model as the intersection between the injection line (investment expenditures, government purchases, and exports) and the leakage line (saving, taxes, and imports).
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Lesson 22: Factor Supply | Unit 1: Background
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Page: 4 of 25
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- The notion of factor markets.
- Factor markets exchange the productive services of resources or factors of production.
- Factor markets
and resource markets are synonymous. - Like any markets, factors markets combine the forces of demand and supply.
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ASSUMPTIONS, KEYNESIAN ECONOMICS The macroeconomic study of Keynesian economics relies on three key assumptions--rigid prices, effective demand, and savings-investment determinants. First, rigid or inflexible prices prevent some markets from achieving equilibrium in the short run. Second, effective demand means that consumption expenditures are based on actual income, not full employment or equilibrium income. Lastly, important savings and investment determinants include income, expectations, and other influences beyond the interest rate. These three assumptions imply that the economy can achieve a short-run equilibrium at less than full-employment production.
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WHITE GULLIBON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time flipping through mail order catalogs trying to buy either a New York Yankees baseball cap or a solid oak entertainment center. Be on the lookout for the happiest person in the room.
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The earliest known use of paper currency was about 1270 in China during the rule of Kubla Khan.
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"I believe that every right implies a responsibility, every opportunity, an obligation, every possession, a duty. " -- John D. Rockefeller, industrialist
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WAPM
Weak Axiom of Profit Maximization
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