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SLOPE, AGGREGATE EXPENDITURES LINE: The positive slope of the aggregate expenditures line is the sum of the marginal propensity to consume (MPC), marginal propensity to invest (MPI), and marginal propensity for government purchases (MPG), less the marginal propensity to import (MPM). This slope is greater than zero but less than one, reflecting induced expenditures by the four macroeconomic sectors (household, business, government, and foreign). The slope of the aggregate expenditures line determines the magnitude of the multiplier process.

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Lesson 6: Market Supply | Unit 2: Law of Supply Page: 6 of 19

Topic: Production Cost <=PAGE BACK | PAGE NEXT=>

An important question is: Why does the law of supply work?
  • The answer rests with production cost. In particular, the law of supply exists because of the law of increasing opportunity cost.
  • As we saw with production possibilities analysis, by increasing the production of a good, the opportunity cost of production increases.
  • Production cost increases as we increase production. To supply a larger quantity, producers need to cover these higher production costs with a higher price.

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AGGREGATE EXPENDITURES LINE

A graphical depiction of the relation between aggregate expenditures by the four macroeconomic sectors (household, business, government, and foreign) and the level of aggregate income or production. In Keynesian economics, the aggregate expenditures line is the essential component of the Keynesian cross analysis used to identify equilibrium income and production. Like any straight line, the aggregate expenditures line is characterized by vertical intercept, which indicates autonomous expenditures, and slope, which indicates induced expenditures. The aggregate expenditures line used in Keynesian economics is derived by adding or stacking investment, government purchases, and net exports to the consumption line.

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