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HARD MONEY: Historically money that is in the form of precious metals, especially gold. In modern times, any national currency that is expected to retain its value (and even appreciate in value), and is readily acceptable for most international transactions. The U.S. dollar, German marc, and Swiss franc tend to be near the top of the list of hard money (also termed hard currency).

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Lesson 6: Market Supply | Unit 2: Law of Supply Page: 5 of 19

Topic: Definition <=PAGE BACK | PAGE NEXT=>

The law of supply is the basic principle underlying supply.

A definition:

The law of supply is a direct relationship between supply price and the quantity supplied, ceteris paribus.

  • Direct relationship means that people sell more of a good if the price is higher and less if the price is lower.
  • The law of supply is not as rigid as the law of demand. The price and the quantity supplied are not always directly related. Higher prices could cause an increase or a decrease in the quantity supplied.
Ceteris paribus is also important to the law of supply.
  • Ceteris paribus means other things remain unchanged.
  • Law of supply applies exclusively to the relationship between supply price and quantity supplied.
  • All other things that can affect supply must remain constant to avoid distorting this relationship.
  • Because supply is affected by many factors other than price, the price/quantity supply relationship can get lost when other things change.
  • Other factors that affect supply are called supply determinants.

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INFLATIONARY EXPECTATIONS, AGGREGATE EXPENDITURES DETERMINANT

One of several specific aggregate expenditures determinants assumed constant when the aggregate expenditures line is constructed, and that shifts the aggregate expenditures line when it changes. An increase in inflationary expectations causes an increase (upward shift) of the aggregate expenditures line. A decrease in inflationary expectations causes a decrease (downward shift) of the aggregate expenditures line. Other notable aggregate expenditures determinants include interest rates, federal deficit, consumer confidence, and exchange rates.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time surfing the Internet hoping to buy either a wall poster commemorating the first day of spring or a lazy Susan for you dining room table. Be on the lookout for high interest rates.
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Parker Brothers, the folks who produce the Monopoly board game, prints more Monopoly money each year than real currency printed by the U.S. government.
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