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ABSOLUTE POVERTY LEVEL: The amount of income a person or family needs to purchase an absolute amount of the basic necessities of life. These basic necessities are identified in terms of calories of food, BTUs of energy, square feet of living space, etc. The problem with the absolute poverty level is that there really are no absolutes when in comes to consuming goods. You can consume a given poverty level of calories eating relatively expensive steak, relatively inexpensive pasta, or garbage from a restaurant dumpster. The income needed to acquire each of these calorie "minimums" vary greatly. That's why some prefer a relative poverty level.
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Lesson 7: Market Equilibrium | Unit 1: The Exchange
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Market is the term we used to indicate voluntary trades among buyers and sellers. These trade involve a mutually agreeable quantity at a mutually agreeable price. A definition: A market is an organized exchange of commodities (including resources, goods, and services) among buyers and sellers, during a given time period.Four important points about markets. 1. Markets are voluntary trades among buyers who want something (the demand side) and sellers who have something (the supply side). 2. The most important items traded are the goods and services that people consume, and the resources used to produce these goods and services. 3. Markets are the voluntary means of facing the scarcity problem. Government is the involuntary way of the facing scarcity problem. 4. Like demand and supply, markets are analyzed over a given time period.
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INFLEXIBLE PRICES The proposition that some prices adjust slowly in response to market shortages or surpluses. This condition is most important for macroeconomic activity in the short run and short-run aggregate market analysis. In particular, inflexible prices (also termed rigid prices or sticky prices) are a key reason underlying the positive slope of the short-run aggregate supply curve. Prices tend to be the most inflexible in resource markets, especially labor markets, and the least inflexible in financial markets, with product markets falling between the two.
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The first "Black Friday" on record, a friday marked by a major financial catastrophe, occurred on September 24, 1869 -- A FRIDAY -- when an attempted cornering of the gold market induced a financial crises and economy-wide depression.
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"We succeed in enterprises (that) demand the positive qualities we possess, but we excel in those (that) can also make use of our defects." -- Alexis de Tocqueville, Statesman
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NIPA
National Income and Product Accounts
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