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PRICE FIXING: An agreement by two or more firms in an industry to charge the same price and avoid competing with each other. This is one of the methods businesses use to practice collusion or form a cartel. It is, by the way, against antitrust law.
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Lesson Contents
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Unit 1: The Exchange |
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Unit 2: The Numbers |
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Unit 3: A Graph |
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Unit 4: Adjustment |
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Unit 5: Efficiency | |
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Market Equilibrium
In this lesson, we'll see how buyers (discussed in the demand lesson) come together with sellers (discussed in the supply lesson) to exchange commodities using a market. More precisely, this lesson develops an abstract market model, or market analysis, that we can use to explain and understand a wide range of real world exchanges. - This lesson begins in the first unit, The Exchange, with an overview of the basic exchange process underlying markets, including the notion of equilibrium, the roles played by price and quantity, and the importance of competition.
- In the second unit, The Numbers, we work through a simple market analysis using demand and supply schedules, highlight both equilibrium and disequilibrium conditions.
- The third unit, A Graph, then carefully examines the notion of market equilibrium using demand and supply curves, which generates the widely used graphical model of the market.
- Moving onto the fourth unit, Adjustment, we use the graphical market model to investigate the automatic market responses to shortages and surpluses.
- The lesson concludes in the fifth unit, Efficiency, by considering the relation between market exchanges and efficiency.
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COLLUSION PRODUCTION ANALYSIS To avoid competition, oligopolistic firms are occasionally inclined to cooperate through collusion. Collusion occurs when two or more oligopolistic firms jointly agree to control market prices and quantity and to generally act like a monopoly. Colluding firms set a price and produce a quantity that maximizes industry-wide economic profit, the same price and quantity that would be selected by a profit-maximizing monopoly. Once the industry-wide price and production are determined, each individual firm produces the quantity of output that equates the marginal cost of the firm to the marginal revenue for the industry.
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BLUE PLACIDOLA
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time browsing through a long list of dot com websites hoping to buy either pink cotton balls or a genuine down-filled comforter. Be on the lookout for broken fingernail clippers.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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A thousand years before metal coins were developed, clay tablet "checks" were used as money by the Babylonians.
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"If you don't have time to do it right, when will you have time to do it over?" -- John Wooden, Basketball coach
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SMSA
Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area
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