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INCOME DISTRIBUTION: The manner in which income is divided among the members of the economy. A perfectly equal income distribution would mean everyone in the country has exactly the same income. The income distribution in the good old U. S. of A., while more equal than most nations of the world, is far from perfectly equal. A certain amount of inequality in the income distribution is to be expected because resources are never equally distributed. Some labor is naturally going to be more productive--better able to produce the stuff that consumers want--and thus get more income. The same is true for capital, land, entrepreneurship. However, without government intervention, an unequal distribution of income tends to perpetuate itself. Those who have more income, can invest in additional productive resources, and thus can add even more to their income.

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Lesson 7: Market Equilibrium | Unit 4: Adjustment Page: 14 of 22

Topic: Shortage <=PAGE BACK | PAGE NEXT=>

A shortage exists if the quantity demanded is greater than the quantity supplied at the current market price.
  • A shortage exists if the market price is 30 cents.
  • The quantity supplied is 200 tapes and the quantity demanded is 600 tapes, giving a shortage of 400 tapes.
  • This shortage induces the price to rise up to the equilibrium level of 50 cents.

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PRODUCTION COST

The opportunity cost of using labor, capital, land, and entrepreneurship in the production of goods and services. The price received by a seller must be high enough to cover production cost. The law of supply is based on the proposition that production cost increases with an increase in the quantity produced and supplied.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time at the confiscated property police auction trying to buy either a birthday greeting card for your grandmother or a coffee cup commemorating yesterday. Be on the lookout for telephone calls from former employers.
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