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LAW OF DIMINISHING MARGINAL RETURNS: A principle stating that as more and more of a variable input is combined with a fixed input in short-run production, the marginal product of the variable input eventually declines. This is THE economic principle underlying the analysis of short-run production for a firm. Among a host of other things, it offers an explanation for the upward-sloping market supply curve. How does the law of diminishing marginal returns help us understand supply? The law of supply and the upward-sloping supply curve indicate that a firm needs to receive higher prices to produce and sell larger quantities. Why do they need higher prices?

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Lesson 7: Market Equilibrium | Unit 5: The Method Page: 18 of 22

Topic: Efficient Markets <=PAGE BACK | PAGE NEXT=>

Rethinking demand and supply curves indicates efficiency of markets.

Market equilibrium has:

  • Equality between quantity demanded and quantity supplied.
  • Equality between demand price and supply price.
  • Equality between demand price and supply price means that the satisfaction obtained from the good produced is equal to the opportunity cost of production.
  • This equality between prices also means that the value of the good produced is equal to the value of goods not produced.

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ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE

The general ability to produce more goods or services using fewer resources. A person or country has an absolute advantage in production largely due to superior technology or greater technical efficiency. A related, but contrasting concept is comparative advantage. Both terms are perhaps most important to the study of international trade, but also provide insight into other exchanges.

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Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time watching the shopping channel hoping to buy either a computer that can play music and burn CDs or a T-shirt commemorating last Friday (you know why). Be on the lookout for crowded shopping malls.
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The penny is the only coin minted by the U.S. government in which the "face" on the head looks to the right. All others face left.
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