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INJECTION: A non-consumption expenditure on gross domestic product, including investment expenditures, government purchases, and exports. Injections are combined with leakages in the injection-leakage model used to identify equilibrium aggregate output in Keynesian economics. The notion of injection is best viewed through the circular flow, in which investment expenditures, government purchases, and exports are "injected" into the main flow between output, factor payments, national income, and consumption.
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MIDPOINT ELASTICITY FORMULA A simple technique for calculating the coefficient of elasticity by estimating the average elasticity for discrete changes in two variables. The distinguishing characteristic of this formula is that percentage changes are calculated based on the average of the initial and ending values of each variable, rather than initial values. An alternative technique is the endpoint elasticity formula.
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Approximately three-fourths of the U.S. paper currency in circular contains traces of cocaine.
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"Difficulties mastered are opportunities won. " -- Winston Churchill, Statesman
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OMB
Office of Management and Budget
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