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AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES: A reduction in production cost the results when related firms locate near one another. Firms can be related as competitors in the same industry, by using the same inputs, or through providing output to the same demographic group. The fashion industry, for example, experiences agglomeration economies because they can share specialized inputs (photographers, models) that would be too expensive to employ full time. Retail stores have agglomeration economies when located in shopping malls because they have access to a large group of potential customers with lower advertising cost. Agglomeration economies is given as one of the primary reasons for the emergence of urban areas.
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Lesson Contents
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Unit 1: Intro |
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Unit 2: Revenue |
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Unit 3: Output |
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Unit 4: Evaluation |
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Unit 5: Regulation | |
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Monopoly
While this lesson on monopoly is not necessarily a "how to" guide for the monopolization of a market, it does provide insight into the nature and function of the monopoly market structure. We get a little insight into how a monopoly is created, and a lot of insight into what a monopoly does once it does have control of the market. Throughout this lesson, I'll me making snide comments about how inefficient monopoly is compared to more competitive markets. - The first unit of this lesson, One Firm, begins this lesson with a look at the nature of monopoly and how it is related to other market structures.
- In the second unit, Revenue, we examine the revenue side of a market dominated by monopoly -- including total revenue, average revenue, and marginal revenue.
- The third unit, Output, then looks at the profit-maximizing output production decision by a monopoly using assorted graphs and tables.
- In the fourth unit, Evaluation, we analyze the profit-maximizing decision of monopoly in terms of profit, loss, efficiency, and short-run supply.
- The fifth and final unit, Regulation, then closes this lesson by considering the role government plays in regulating monopoly.
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NOMINAL GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT The total market value, measured in current prices, of all goods and services produced within the political boundaries of an economy during a given period of time, usually one year. The key is that nominal gross domestic product is measured in current, or actual prices, the prices that buyers actually pay for goods and services purchased. Nominal gross domestic product is also termed current gross domestic product. A contrasting measure is real gross domestic product, which adjusts for inflation by measuring production at constant prices.
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PURPLE SMARPHIN
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time touring the new suburban shopping complex seeking to buy either a New York Yankees baseball cap or a solid oak entertainment center. Be on the lookout for telephone calls from long-lost relatives.
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This isn't me! What am I?
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Okun's Law posits that the unemployment rate increases by 1% for every 2% gap between real GDP and full-employment real GDP.
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"There is at least one point in the history of any company when you have to change dramatically to rise to the next level of performance. Miss that moment, and you start to decline. " -- Andy Grove, Intel Corp. chairman
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TDR
Treasury Deposit Receipt
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