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VON THUNEN MODEL: A model of land use develop by Johann von Thunen that illustrates the trade off between land values and the distance from a central point of attraction. While originally applied to agricultural land use, the von Thunen model is commonly used to explain urban land use patterns. Two primary conclusions from the model are (1) that land values decrease as distance from the central point of attraction increases and (2) that different land use activities are contained in concentric rings equal distance from the central point of attraction based on the weight (or transportation cost) of the activity.
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Lesson 10: Gross Domestic Product | Unit 4: Measuring Income
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Page: 18 of 25
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The first three related, but slightly different income measures is national income (NI), income earned by the factors of production.- National income is the sum of wages (W), interest (I), rent (R), profit (P) and proprietors' income (PI):
NI = W + I + R + P + PI - National income is also found by subtracting capital consumption allowance (CCA) and indirect business taxes (IBT) from, and adding net foreign factor income (NFFI) to, GDP:
NI = GDP - CCA - IBT + NFFI - And because NDP = GDP - CCA:
NI = NDP - IBT + NFFI
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ARC ELASTICITY The average elasticity for discrete changes in two variables. The distinguishing characteristic of arc elasticity is that percentage changes are calculated based on the average of initial and ending values of each variable, rather than initial values. Arc elasticity is generally calculated using the midpoint elasticity formula. The contrast to arc elasticity is point elasticity. For infinitesimally small changes in two variables, arc elasticity is the same as point elasticity.
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WHITE GULLIBON
[What's This?]
Today, you are likely to spend a great deal of time calling an endless list of 800 numbers seeking to buy either a package of 4 by 6 index cards, the ones with lines or a 50 foot extension cord. Be on the lookout for telephone calls from former employers.
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In the Middle Ages, pepper was used for bartering, and it was often more valuable and stable in value than gold.
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"Old minds are like old horses; you must exercise them if you wish to keep them in working order. " -- John Adams, 2nd US president
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CES
Constant Elasticity of Substitution
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